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(François) Jacob

Francois Jacob ( 1920 - 2013 ) On 17 of June 1920, in Nancy, the city in the east of French, was born
François Jacob, the only child of Simon and Thérèse Jacob.
His father was a merchant, but an equally important role in the development of young Francois, played his grandfather -  Albert Franck, a four-star general.

From the beginning he was a very inquisitive child, he learned to read at a young age.
He attended for ten years a very prestigious Parisian school - Lycée Carnot.
Many years later he described this school as “a cage”.

He was interested and talented in physics and mathematics, but finally he started medical studies at the Sorbonne (University of Paris).
He had to interrupt the studies because of  World War II.

During the German occupation of France Jacob left France to Great Britain, joined the war effort and worked for the medical company of the “French 2nd Armored Division in 1940”.

 


Many times he was awarded for the valor (the Cross of Liberation, National Order of the Legion of Honour, Cross of War)
Jacob returned to medical school and began to do some research about tyrothricin and learning the methods of bacteriology in the process. He became a medical doctor in 1947 and 4 years later joined the Pasteur Institute.
He was married twice, with Lise Bloch and Geneviève Barrier.

His biggest achievement was a discovery of regulatory genes and proposed the existence of an RNA messenger. He explored bacteria genes and thanks to him we know today that they are arranged in a ring.
How big this discovery was testifies the Nobel Prize in Physiology, which he won in 1965 together with with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff.

François Jacob died on  19 April 2013.

Berühmte Biologen

Werner Arber (*1929)

is a famous microbiologist and geneticist. In 1978, he won the Nobel price in medicines and physiology. He did many researches on the bacterial restrictions’ systems and movable genetic elements, the modification and restriction of the ribonucleic acid.

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Francois Jacob ( 1920 - 2013 ) On 17 of June 1920, in Nancy, the city in the east of French, was born
François Jacob, the only child of Simon and Thérèse Jacob.
His father was a merchant, but an equally important role in the development of young Francois, played his grandfather -  Albert Franck, a four-star general.

Read more...

Rosalind Franklin (1920 – 1958)

discovered the structure of the DNA and the Tobacco Mosaic Virus with X-ray crystallography.
She is a biologist who took part in several explorations. Usually, she used to get a Nobel Prize but she died before.

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Robert Koch ( 1843 – 1910 )

is a very important character for our health today. He is the one who studied the bacteria that caused tuberculosis, anthax and cholrea, each of them an illness in the 18th century. Because of this extraordinary studies he won the nobel prize twice in 1905, in physiology and medicine and started to help people all over the world with his knowledge.

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Aristotle (384-322v.C.)

belongs to one of the most famous and influential philosopher in history. A lot of disciplines and (technical) terms has been significant embossed or even founded by Aristotle. Some examples for disciplines are biology, ethics, logic and physics. Terms that he has a great influence on are for example substance, potency, theory and practice. Out of his ideas, the "Aristotelism" was built up.

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Alexander Fleming ( 1881 - 1955 )
Sir Alexander Fleming was born on  August 6, 1881 in Ayrshire, Scotland. The scottish biologist and inventor  is widely regarded for his discovery of penicillin, a drug that is used to kill harmful bacteria.He studied medicine from 1901 at the St. Mary's Hospital Medical
School in Paddington.

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Charles Darwin (1809-1822)

gives distinction to the theory of evolution. His idea was that the change of varieties and the origin gets realized by natural selection: only the fittest will survive because of struggling for life. His work influences biology and geology not only in the past. Even today the term "Darwinism" is used to explain how evolution works.

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Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
discovered in 1865 that there exists a certain numerical ratio which is called: Mendel's Laws of Heredity. This laws become the basic of genetics in science since today. With the help of Mendel's laws nearly everybody is able to anticipate the genetic recombination of allele pairs in sexual reproduction. The three laws are Laws of Inheritance, the law of the uniformity of hybrids, the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.

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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

he was a french chemist and microbiologist. He is classified as a founder of the modern bacteriology. He has examined the germ of hydrophobia and anthrax. After this discovery, he invented active immunisations against hydrophobia, anthrax, red murrain and chicken cholera. The term "pasteurization" is caused by Louis Pasteur. This means the method of carefully heating liquids up to 60 or 80 degrees with the effect that they become longer lasting.

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Theodor Schwann (1810-1822) and Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881)

both of them have made their own discoveries and achievements but together they have made one very important discovery (1839): "The Theory of Cells". This theory badges the cell as a basically particle of plants and animals. Schwann and Schleiden were able to recognize that some organism are unicellular, while others are multicellular. Additionally, they found out that the cell nucleus and the membrane belong to the properties of the cell, occupied by comparisons of different plant and animal tissues.

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